Regarding the clark y, im not that sure that all of the airfoils labeled as such really are true clark y airfoils. The airfoil is derivative of the clark y smoothed profile. Airfoils were examined for lift and drag performance as well as surface pressure and flow field characteristics. Mar 21, 2008 airfoil the clark y airfoil is one of the most common airfoils used by airplanes. Airfoils for which these results were obtained are designated inverted sections. Details of airfoil aerofoilclarkyil clark y airfoil clark y airfoil. The airfoil is modeled as a thin lifting meanline camber line. The clark y airfoil provides a smooth stall entry, well suited for sport rmc models. The data you have measured were used for cfd prelab 2. Airfoil analysis of the airfoil at low reynolds no. A classic demonstration of a catalyst introduction bubbles and heat, foam and steam, old foamey has it all.
Aerodynamic characteristics of seven symmetrical airfoil sections. Assessment of friction drag reduction on a clarky airfoil. Kutta condition is enforced which requires ppupper. May 28, 2014 this is a quick run through of a clark y airfoil with suction applied to the top surface of the right side of the airfoil section.
This differential suction produces a torque about the z. The airfoil may optionally be plotted around the circumference of a circle, for example to match the radius of the vertical axis wind turbine or to change the camber. Appendix b contains the contours of the nrel s809 and clark y airfoils in the sample applications in this study of the aerodas lift and drag models. Former deputy sheriff eddy craig right to travel traffic stop script washington state law duration.
References 4 and 5 present data on the effect of sharp leading edges. Both the wind tunnel speed and the angle of attack of the airfoil were automatically controlled from. I then dusted off my dim knowledge of gnuplot to draw this properly scaled version of the airfoil. Scale effect on clark y airfoil characteristics from naca. A student project on airfoil performance asee peer. A simple method for determining the aerodynamic center of. The angle of attack can consequently be checked with an inclinometer contacting the lower surface. Subsonic airfoil design historical background from its very beginning, the national advisory committee for aeronautics naca recognized the importance of airfoils as a cornerstone of aeronautical research and development. Maximum thickness in % of the chord length naca airfoil charts every naca airfoil has two charts to present the lift, drag, and moment coefficient data for the airfoil. The duralumin models were of rectangular plan form with a. It is pretty easy to call a flat bottomed airfoil with a rounded nose a clark y. This report presents the results of wind tunnel tests conducted to determine the aerodynamic characteristics of the clark y airfoil over a large range of reynolds numbers. Clark y is the name of an airfoil that is widely used in aircraft design. Id like to find, if possible, a dxf or dwg format clark y airfoil so i can modify it to suit the wing im designing.
Measurement of pressure distribution and forces acting on an. Report examining the aerodynamic characteristics of three airfoil sections as determined in the variable density wind tunnel. Clark y is the name of a particular airfoil profile, widely used in general purpose aircraft designs, and much studied in aerodynamics over the years. The data reduction equation for the drag coefficient c d is given by u bc d c d d u b c 2 2,, 4 where d is the drag force acting on the airfoil surface. So on the clark y, is the flat bottom of the wing the incidence line or do you draw a line from the most forward part of the airfoil to the most rear ward point of the trailing edge. Corrections on a wing with a clark y 14 airfoil a project present to the faculty of the department of aerospace engineering san jose state university in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree master of science in aerospace engineering by tommy james blackwell may 2011 approved by.
Pdf aerodynamic characteristics of clarky smoothed. Airfoil lowpressure surface inflow airspeed, v preswirl angle. I have used the rans kw sst model and based on my initial findings, agreement between experimental and cfd data in cl and cd is between 3 and 4% for a nasa low speed airfoil and 4 and 7% for naca 0012 over an angle of attack range of 012 degrees. Plot and print the shape of an airfoil aerofoil for your specific chord width and transformation. Airfoils needed in the rotor design process can, for example, be found in work of abbott doenhoff 20, althaus 21 and selig, 22 where mainly airfoils for airplanes and gliders are described. A twodimensional computational study had been performed regarding aerodynamic forces and pressures affecting a cambered inverted airfoil, clark y smoothed with ground effects by solving the. The meanline, y x, is considered to produce a distribution of vorticity along the line, s. He designed the clark y in has been used in a huge number of commercial, military, and amateur built aircraft since its inception. The duralumin models were of rectangular plan form with a 5inch chord and a. Test data on when reduced to infinite aspect ratio by conventional a rectangular clark y airfoil of an aspect ratio of 6. Airfoil selection an overview sciencedirect topics. Results for the fixed slot using a clark y airfoil are given in figure 109 and table 101 and are obtained from ref. Nov 15, 2012 a few minutes of googling revealed a fascinating resource, the uiuc airfoil data site.
How to cover wings and fuselages in brown paper and white glue makes a very strong wing. Youll end up with a section of wing 10cm in span, a little more than that in chord leading edge to trailing edge. I have employed the clark y for all my model plane designs. The first point is 0, which means it is zero percent of the total distance. Subsonic windtunnel wall corrections on a wing with a clark y 14 airfoil a masters project presented to the faculty of the department of mechanical and aerospace engineering san jose state university in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a degree master of science in aerospace engineering by tommy james blackwell may 2011. A clark y 14 airfoil is shown in figure 1 and has a thickness of 14% and is flat on the lower surface from 30% of the chord to the back. Naca 4412 airfoil 4 digit code used to describe airfoil shapes 1st digit maximum camber in percent chord 2nd digit location of maximum camber along chord line from leading edge in tenths of chord 3rd and 4th digits maximum thickness in percent chord naca 4412 with a chord of 6 max camber. Cfd modelling and analysis of clark y airfoil for turbulent flow. Subsonic wind tunnel wall corrections on a wing with a. An additional feature of this airfoil is that its lower surface is parallel to its chord and this enables the use of an inclinometer to change the angle of attack directly. The flat bottom simplifies angle measurements on propellers, and makes for easy. The dat file data can either be loaded from the airfoil databaseor your own airfoils which can be entered hereand they will appear in the list of airfoils in the form below. The dat file data can either be loaded from the airfoil databaseor your own airfoils which can be entered hereand they will appear in the list of airfoils.
Airfoils have taken their rightful place as one of the most integral components in the field of aerodynamics. A study of aerodynamics of low reynolds number flexible airfoils. If it is the later, when the flat bottom portion of the wing is parallel with the center line of the fuse the wing will be at 23 degrees incidence. A clark y 14 airfoil, which is used in this demonstration, has a thickness of 14% and is flat on the lower surface from 30% of chord length to the back. The dat file data can either be loaded from the airfoil databaseor your own airfoils which can be entered hereand they. The airfoil is successfully optimized using the ga with the final result of a reduced drag coefficient by almost 50%, and a set of optimum solutions with varying tradeoff for each objective is. Abufletcher describes that it is easy to build, its also easy to draw. Determine the number of unit marshmallows that are available. Here, wind tunnel testing is used to demonstrate how the aerodynamic performance of a clark y 14 wing is affected by highlift devices, such as flaps and slats. Pdf numerical simulation of aerodynamic lift of a clark. By the kutta condition, the vorticity is zero at the trailing edge. The airfoil chosen for this experiment was the clark y, a general purpose airfoil used for its superb control at low reynolds numbers.
The origin can be moved to any position within the airfoil from 0 to 100%. Positioning of the airfoil at various angles of attack is made with a hand wheel connected to a digital display. Scale effect on clark y airfoil characteristics from naca fullscale. The clark y is an airfoil widely used in aircraft wing design. Summary of lowspeed airfoil data university of illinois.
The full size airfoil plot can be opened on a blank page for printing. A maximum change in maximum section lift coefficient to be expected is. The naca 4 digit and 5 digit airfoils were created by superimposing a simple meanline shape with a thickness distribution that was obtained by fitting a couple of popular airfoils of the time. With its predictable and gentle stall characteristics and flat bottom outline, the clark y airfoil is an ideal choice for sport rc model aircraft. Airfoil motion drag force, d relative airspeed, vr resultant force, fr axial force, f x tangential force, fy chord angle. The clark y 14 airfoil profile is unusual in that its lower surface is straight and is taken as its chord line. A historical retrospective 2000015517 this paper traces the life and times of colonel virginius evans clark and his most well known creation, the famous clark y airfoil. Measurement of pressure distribution and forces acting on.
The airfoil can be made up from 50 or 100 points, which mean 50 to 100 coordinate pairs. He was no one his book elements of aviation ed in 1928 is a scholarly treatise on aviation as it was known at that time. Flow over twodimensional airfoil thin airfoil theory representation of the mean camber line by a vortex sheet whose filaments are of variable strength bc 1. May 29, 20 visual separation of a 3dimensional airfoil. Since the airfoil is thin, x chord position can be used instead of s, and all angles can be approximated as small.
Here we will demonstrate how the pressure distribution around an airfoil is measured using a wind tunnel. I am validating airfoils against experimental solutions. A series of tests has also been made to develop a tied slot for the same airfoil giving a reasonably high maximum lift coe5cient with the lowcd. Simple analytic equation for airfoil shape description. Airfoil geometry a sketch of the inverted singleelement airfoil with the suction surface closer to the ground is shown in figure 1. Basic understanding of airfoil characteristics at low. The chord length c, distance between leading edge and trailing edge, is 300 mm.
The clark y flat bottom airfoil which is configurable through the solidworks equations manager. They describe an airfoil by single points and each point is defined by a pair of x y coordinates. In cfd lab 2, simulation will be conducted under the same conditions of efd lab 3, except angle of attack and turbulent models that will be changed in this lab. Pdf cfd modelling and analysis of clark y airfoil for. The airfoil coordinates for the naca 66012, clark y, selig s8052, and the eppler. Airfoil plotter clarky il clark y airfoil clark y airfoil. The man we can thank for the clark y airfoil is in 1886 and passed away in 1948.
The geometry of the clark y airfoil and the positioning of the pressure taps used in the experiment are illustrated in figure 3b. Hi im looking at designing a stickfuselage plane with no dihedral for rudder elevator ailerons to allow for somewhat slow speeds, but also decent aerobatic capability too. Clark y airfoils c100, c150, c200, c250 for 3d printing. Clark y airfoil configurable 3d cad model library grabcad. American institute of aeronautics and astronautics 12700 sunrise valley drive, suite 200 reston, va 201915807 703. The camber of the wing distorts the airflow across the upper wing surface by deflecting it upward, thus coming into less contact with the wing surface decreasing friction. Every kind of airfoil has its own particular design and significant characteristics which must be studied and analysed before subjected to. Despite that fact that he is today mainly remembered if at all for that one achievement, clark was a many faceted and somewhat controversial aviation. Mix hydrogen peroxide with dishwashing liquid, add sodium iodide catalyst, then stand back and marvel as the decomposition reaction erupts in a cascade of steaming foam.
Measure the lift, drag and pitching moment of a clark y 14 airfoil. In this study, multiple slats and slots configurations have been tested to identify the one that gives the best lift. I used the fact that the clark y is flat on much of its bottom to print out that part of it horizontally, rather than standing up. To improve the lift and performance of a clark y 14, auxiliary airfoils such as slats and their resultant slots are used.
It is our intention for summary of lowspeed airfoil data volume 5 to follow closely the format of the previous volumes making the current installment easy to navigate for those familiar with the series. The airfoils investigated in this study include naca 0009, naca 0012 conventional and reversed configuration, clark y, flat plate airfoils 1, 3, and 5% thickness, and thin cambered plates 3, 6, and 9% camber. A clark y 14 airfoil model with 19 pressure ports is used to collect pressure data. In the present investigation, two kinematic patterns are considered, namely, i forward flight with.
Topics clark y, turbulent flow, subsonic wind tunnel, cfd analysis. The computeraided design cad files and all associated content posted to this website are created, uploaded, managed and owned by third party users. Three airfoils of aspect ratio 6 and with 4, 6, and 8 foot chords were tested at velocities between 25 and 118 miles per hour, and the characteristics were obtained for reynolds numbers based on the airfoil chord in the. The airfoil has a flat bottom shape that makes for easy building directly on your construction board. Aerodynamic characteristics of clarky smoothed inverted. In efd lab 3, you have conducted experimental study for turbulent airfoil flow around a clarky airfoil re. I have used the clark y airfoil for all my model airplane designs, from. For the love of physics walter lewin may 16, 2011 duration. The airfoil is analyzed for the reynolds number of 6, 090,000 with the clark y type airfoil of uniform velocity of 35. Also, ht y t c le where yle is the vertical coordinate of the leading edge of the airfoil. Reynolds number aerodynamics of a clarky airfoil was performed in the vpi stability wind tunnel at. The airfoil is defined as a pair of parametric equations for x.
The early naca airfoil series, the 4digit, 5digit, and modified 45digit, were generated. Hot wire aerofoil template club aeroflutter youtube. All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the creative commons cc0 license. Airfoil aerofoil plot of clark y airfoil with ajustable chord width, camber and. The airfoil camber does not change the lift slope and can be viewed as an additional angle of attack effect. Other than that could some one provide me the user guide to design the mentioned particular airfoil above. The first chart will have curves of lift coefficient versus angle of attack at various reynolds numbers and curves of moment.
Back to additional photos ordered by tunnel test log. Characteristics of clark y airfoils of small aspect ratios. It has data definitions for literally hundreds of airfoil profiles, including coordinates for the clark y. Is this software is capable to design clark y and d. As before, chapter 1 discusses the scope of the current tests and brie. Airfoil coordinates are usually given in two columns, called x and y. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. Intended to be used for radio control airplane models. Stalled and unstalled airfoils in wind turbines and wind tunnels nasacr2008215434 october 2008 an errata was added to this document, july 2012. Here is an illustration of a clark y and starting from the leading edge we see a small radius, a circle. It just has so much going for it, like a beautiful blonde.
795 597 333 818 958 489 528 109 547 287 676 635 212 515 863 819 1018 369 101 312 602 263 1496 1001 104 28 628 730 226 962